Technical sulfuric acid GOST 2184-77

Sulfuric acid is one of the most powerful mineral acids. It is an oily, heavy and colorless liquid with unusually strong hygroscopic properties. In its concentrated form it also has strong oxidizing properties. Sulfuric acid dissolves very well in water in all proportions, releasing a large amount of heat. This is why you need to remember to pour the acid into the water, and not vice versa. It is possible to produce sulfuric acid even with a concentration of 99%, however, the loss of sulfur oxide at a temperature close to the boiling point leads to the formation of an azeotrope with water with a concentration of 98.3%. Because of this, sulfuric acid is usually stored as a 98% solution. Of course, H2SO4 can have different concentrations.
Sulfuric acid is of great importance in many industries. The highest consumption of H2SO4 is observed in the production of mineral fertilizers. This is mainly due to the production of superphosphates, as well as ammonium phosphate and sulfate. Sulfuric acid is also of great importance in the production of other acids, such as hydrochloric, nitric and phosphoric acids. It is also used in the production of explosives as one of the raw materials for the production of TNT (TNT). In turn, in the petrochemical industry, H2SO4 is used mainly for drying oils, kerosene and paraffin. It also acts as a catalyst in the reaction to produce isooctane, which is one of the main components of gasoline. Sulfuric acid is also used in the mining and metallurgical industries in the processes of beneficiation of copper ores. H2SO4 is also the electrolyte in popular lead-acid batteries. In addition, sulfuric acid is widely used in the production of detergents (eg sodium lauryl sulfate), as well as in the cosmetics industry, where it is used for the production of raw materials and semi-finished products (eg silver nitrate), as well as hydrogen peroxide or fragrances.